How to sing better - 7. Practice Consistently Everyday. Consistency is one of the most obvious tips of them all, but still one of the most overlooked and neglected. To sing better, you have to put in the time and the hard work. Your voice won’t improve overnight if you don’t work on it and continuously try to improve it.

 
How to sing better

Move to the front part of the seat. Keep your back straight and avoid touching the back of the seat. Keep your feet flat on the floor with your knees bent at a 90-degree angle. Make sure your legs are apart and avoid crossing them. Place your hands on your lap and avoid crossing them on your chest. Get daily vocal exercises and videos designed to fast track your singing potential. With my best-selling online 8 week singing course, Superior Singing Method, you can accomplish all …Recording singing at home has become increasingly popular, thanks to the advancements in technology and the accessibility of affordable recording equipment. The room you choose for...Keep breathing slowly and evenly while doing the next steps. Relax your shoulders, neck and chest – make sure you’re not tightened/tensed up. Roll your shoulders forwards and backwards slowly a couple of times. Roll your head slowly around to help stretch the neck muscles. Shake out your arms (and legs) lightly.Key Takeaways. Look for opportunities to perform at local events, open mic nights, or gigs at restaurants, cafes, or bars. This can help you gain exposure and earn money through performance fees or tips. If you have expertise in singing, consider offering private lessons to aspiring singers in your community.Sing along to challenging fast-paced rap or auctioneer recordings, working on rhythmic vocal agility. Focus on crisp, clean enunciation at speed. Rehearse your favorite songs but double the length ...The 12 Days of Christmas is one of the most beloved holiday songs, but with its repetitive lyrics and complex counting, it can be a challenge to sing accurately. Before you start s...If you want to improve your voice try my 10-min jump-start singing lesson: https://singr.tv/justinYou’ll hear an immediate improvement. Over 1 million singer...If you’re a bird enthusiast or simply looking for a delightful pet, singing canaries are a fantastic choice. These charming little birds are known for their beautiful melodies and ...Find Your Range in 6 Seconds (Free App): http://rangefinder.ramseyvoice.com/Master Your Voice Singing Course: ramseyvoice.com/special-offerIntroduction 0:00S...Are you looking for a delicious waffle recipe that will make your morning breakfast extra special? If so, you’ve come to the right place. This is the best waffle recipe ever and it...Better sound: Vocal training helps coordinate your larynx muscles, which helps even out your vocal tone and condition your throat muscles, improving the sound of your singing voice. 2. Increased stamina: Misusing your vocal cords may lead to damage over time, and early conditioning can help increase your vocal stamina.5 Jan 2023 ... Get 30 Day Singer Full Access - 2 weeks FREE: https://bit.ly/3P1yaAq New Year, new singing! Start the year off right with these singing tips ...Lip trills: Begin by making a “brrr” sound with your lips while keeping your jaw and neck relaxed. Gradually explore your vocal range, reaching higher notes while maintaining a steady and relaxed lip trill. Sirens: Start with a comfortable note and smoothly glide up to higher pitches, then descend back down. Breath control. Control of breath offers clarity, steadiness and confident phonation to the voice. It is recommended to sing using abdominal breathing while singing lower notes to make the base swaras weighty. The intensity of the voice depends on the force given to the breath while singing. Key to controlling the volume while singing is ...Believe it or not, becoming a singer, singing happy birthday and leading a sing-along might all be much more than joyful entertainment. Many long-term care facilities host sing-alo...Key Takeaway: Mastering your singing voice is akin to tuning a fine instrument. It’s about understanding and controlling the elements within your vocal apparatus, from the vibration of vocal cords to manipulating throat muscles for pitch and volume. Breathing from the diaphragm is a great technique to begin with. Place your hands on your belly to feel your stomach expanding, that is breathing from the diaphragm and not from your chest. 7. Practice scales. Along with using breathwork in your journey on how to become a better singer, comes practicing your scales.How to sing better quickly – an exercise · Feel the soles of your feet and try to distribute your body weight equally through them. · Unlock your knees. · Brin...This singing exercise helps to build your breath and support while singing, it basically gives you more stamina throughout your singing session. 8. Mah- may- me- mo- mo. This is a favorite for a lot of singers, since it generally helps you sing better.Download Article. 1. Warm up with tongue trills to release tension and improve your tone. You can trill your tongue by holding your mouth open and placing your tongue either on the roof of your mouth or allowing it to rest with the tip touching the back of your bottom teeth. Take a deep breath and vibrate your tongue.To achieve correct singing posture, start by standing tall with your feet shoulder-width apart, keeping your weight evenly distributed. Relax your shoulders and elongate your spine, avoiding slouching or tensing. Keep your chin parallel to the ground and your head aligned with your spine. Ensure that your ribcage is expanded and your abdominal ...Here’s how you can teach yourself to sing better in 8 steps: Understand how the voice functions as an instrument; Study and understand the anatomy of the voice; Learn the art of breath management; Create and execute an achievable practice routine; Master excellent posture; Become familiar with your vocal range; Take the time for step-by-step …Bamboo flooring has been getting a lot of attention lately, and we couldn't agree more with those who have started singing its praises. It's an Expert Advice On Improving Your Home...1. Take slow, relaxed breaths to release tension. Your breathing needs to be relaxed to hit high notes. Otherwise, that tension goes right into your voice. Take a normal breath in, then exhale. Keep your breath slow and even. Relax your shoulders, neck and chest as you continue to breathe in and out.1. Take slow, relaxed breaths to release tension. Your breathing needs to be relaxed to hit high notes. Otherwise, that tension goes right into your voice. Take a normal breath in, then exhale. Keep your breath slow and even. Relax your shoulders, neck and chest as you continue to breathe in and out.We’ve put together the ultimate guide for strengthening your singing voice to help you get started. Below we break down everything …Key Takeaways. Focus on diaphragmatic breathing, which involves deep breaths that engage your diaphragm. This will give you better breath control and support while singing. Work on vocal exercises that target specific areas of improvement, such as pitch accuracy, vocal range, and vocal control.How to Improve Your Ability to Sing Key. Open the Tools. Go to your piano (or piano app via a laptop/computer) and open the vocal pitch monitor app on your phone. Play the Middle C Note on the Piano. Start by playing a sustained C note on the piano. A good place to start is Middle C (C3/C4).Your goal shouldn’t be to be able to sing a song, it should be to be able to sing, and how we learn to actually SING is by training our voices with core vocal …Get daily vocal exercises and videos designed to fast track your singing potential. With my best-selling online 8 week singing course, Superior Singing Method, you can accomplish all …Whether you’re a professional musician or just someone who loves to sing, self-recording has become an essential part of the music-making process. With the advancement of technolog...If you’re a bird enthusiast or simply looking for a delightful pet, singing canaries are a fantastic choice. These charming little birds are known for their beautiful melodies and ...7. Practice Consistently Everyday. Consistency is one of the most obvious tips of them all, but still one of the most overlooked and neglected. To sing better, you have to put in the time and the hard work. Your voice won’t improve overnight if you don’t work on it and continuously try to improve it.Jul 21, 2023 · 10 Tips for How to Sing Better. Warm-up your body. Sing with proper posture. Learn breath support & sing from your diaphragm. Use vocal exercises to warm up your voice. Memorize your lyrics. Use vowel exercises to improve diction. Train your ear to help sing on pitch. Practice ‘hitting the high notes ‘. Stay hydrated – drink the recommended 2 litres (half a gallon) of water a day, and stay away from drinks that dehydrate you like coffee and tea. Minimize your talking. If you really want to rest your throat so you can improve your voice quality for singing just stop talking. Jan 20, 2024 · Carry a bottle of water around with you to rehydrate your throat as much as possible. Drink at least 64 ounces of water each day and avoid beverages that dry the vocals, like caffeinated drinks and alcohol. [12] Drinking herb tea with lemon or honey daily can help maintain your vocal capabilities. Oct 1, 2023 · 1. Work on Breath Support and Control. Proper breathing technique is essential for good singing. When you inhale, make sure to breathe deep into your diaphragm (the muscle below your lungs). Feb 17, 2024 · Work on your breathing techniques by learning to inhale quickly and exhale in a smooth, controlled way. Improve your vocal technique by practicing vocal warm-ups, dynamic changes, note jumps, vowel pronunciations, and scales. Practice each day in short sessions so you don't strain your voice. Part 1. The 12 Days of Christmas is one of the most beloved holiday songs, but with its repetitive lyrics and complex counting, it can be a challenge to sing accurately. Before you start s...Jul 27, 2020 · Align your posture. Take deep breaths to focus on correct breathing. Sing sirens (general sounds with specific pitch) going high and low. Vocal stretching singing from high to low on stepwise pitches. Agility exercises hopping up and down stepwise more quickly. Range exercises stretching your upper and lower notes. Learn how to sing better from 6 vocal coaches who share their best advice on warm up, range, posture, breathing, tone and more. Find out where to start, what …A better way of singing is to recruit the larger muscles in your body to help. This takes the strain off your throat, makes your tone better, and makes your voice more powerful. The trick is to: Practice deep breathing. Look at yourself in the mirror as you inhale. If you’re breathing deeply enough, your tummy should be expanding.What this course includes: Over 1.5 hours of Video Lectures with Cathy Vard. Downloadable E-book with course notes. 3 Video guided vocal exercises with Cathy. 8 Downloadable vocal exercises as MP3s and notation. Cathy's personal weekly training schedule and more. Unlike many vocal coaches that only impress vocal exercises on their students ... Here’s how you can teach yourself to sing better in 8 steps: Understand how the voice functions as an instrument; Study and understand the anatomy of the voice; Learn the art of breath management; Create and execute an achievable practice routine; Master excellent posture; Become familiar with your vocal range; Take the time for step-by-step …Deep breathing. Stretch. Breathing exercise (hiss) Gentle vocal warm-up (lip trill, hum, etc) Easy vocal exercises (working on vowels, resonance, etc) More challenging exercises (working on belting, dynamics, agility, etc) Ear training and/or song work. Cool down: siren/lip trill (high to low), and stretch/massage. Learn how to sing better with 12 essential tips for vocal health, breathing, muscle warm up, and more. This article covers the basics of singing technique and …What you'll learn. You'll learn how to properly perform the exercises that are programmed to eliminate most issues in your voice to sing with more ease and less strain. You'll learn how to strengthen and coordinate your voice so that you can sing with more control, confidence and better tone quality. You'll learn how to avoid vocal damage by ...The whole point of lessons is to work with someone who can help you learn to sing better so that you can enjoy it better. Hope that makes sense! Reply. by Anita s Posted July 14, 2019 8:31 am. I have been practicing singing since a month & have recently discovered the technique that produces vibrato like DEMi lovato does in her songs like …13. Make Time For Regular Practice. Your voice is an instrument. And just like with learning an instrument, you need to make sure you set aside plenty of time to practice. Teaching yourself to sing requires discipline, and if you want to see improvement, you’ll need regular practice sessions.Lip trills: Begin by making a “brrr” sound with your lips while keeping your jaw and neck relaxed. Gradually explore your vocal range, reaching higher notes while maintaining a steady and relaxed lip trill. Sirens: Start with a comfortable note and smoothly glide up to higher pitches, then descend back down.Want to sound better instantly?! In this video, Lisa will give you some very practical and easy-to-implement tips and tricks for improving your sound right a...You don’t need to sing in the same pitch as a tenor if you are a baritone. Mold the music to your voice, and not the other way around. You can always transpose a tune, or just choose to not sing it. 10. Don’t overthink it. The more you think about a fast run or a high note, the less likely you are to hit it flawlessly.Our first training is Warm up exercise. Your vocal chords vibrate several times in every milliseconds as you sing. Heating up the voice box you have is beneficial to keep them from straining and being injured. Start with simple breathing exercises to heat up the vocals. With your lips, breath in and out till your airways are completely empty.Many students seek out voice lessons to improve their karaoke performance. Some students love it so much that they attend weekly karaoke sessions and events with their friends. They’ll often say that, even though they love singing, they feel shy and unsure of their voice, and that they believe they can sing better but aren’t sure how to ...Get daily vocal exercises and videos designed to fast track your singing potential. With my best-selling online 8 week singing course, Superior Singing Method, you can accomplish all …Sing with a tall posture and support your voice with deep breaths. Release all your tension from your shoulders, chest, neck, jaw, and tongue. Warm up for at least 10 minutes so your voice sounds as “you” as possible. Try to practice daily, but rest when you feel tired to protect your voice. Method 1.One of the easiest ways to sing better is to learn diaphragmatic breathing. As a singer, you are probably already familiar with this breathing technique, if not then let me break it down for you. Everybody has the ability to breathe by using their diaphragm, although most people breathe from the chest. Learn how to sing today in one of our FREE online singing classes: http://bit.ly/2Ed7nl0Want to learn to sing in the easiest possible way for beginners? Thes...Take a deep breath and release the air, helping your muscles relax automatically. 4. Practice daily to get the best results. Just like with most other things, you need to be consistent to truly see a difference in your high note ability. Your voice has to be trained before it can reach its full potential.Do you know how to make a bonfire in your backyard? Find out how to make a bonfire in your back yard in this article from HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Building a bonfire can be lot...3. Stand upright with your shoulders relaxed. An important part of building confidence is mastering your posture while singing. Plant your feet firmly on the ground, standing straight. Lower your shoulders, keeping your head level with your audience. This keeps your airways free, allowing you to project your voice.There are apps for almost every need. To help you in the rampant digital jungle, I checked out 8 free singing apps that make you a better vocalist. 1. Red Karaoke. Nice app for everyone who loves doing Karaoke or for practicing purposes. You can either sing along to the original song or go directly into Karaoke mode.How to Sing. Who doesn't want to have the voice of an angel, right? Believe it or not, we all have it in us. Whether you feel like you have the X factor and ...Exercise 2 : The Tongue Trill. The Lip Trill is exercise 1 in this series of the top 5 exercises. After you've got the Lip Trill Handled, let's move onto the second exercise. Watch this first and then practice the exercise with the audio file under the video. The Tongue Trill : Top Singing Exercises Part 2. Watch on. Sing for several 30-minute sessions a day to practice regularly. The best way to improve your singing voice is to sing as much as you can. To do this, set aside a short practice session every day. You can also sing throughout your day to maintain your skills and work on new abilities. Sing your favorite song, or learn the lyrics to a new one.Feb 3, 2024 · Sing with a tall posture and support your voice with deep breaths. Release all your tension from your shoulders, chest, neck, jaw, and tongue. Warm up for at least 10 minutes so your voice sounds as “you” as possible. Try to practice daily, but rest when you feel tired to protect your voice. Method 1. How to Improve Your Ability to Sing Key. Open the Tools. Go to your piano (or piano app via a laptop/computer) and open the vocal pitch monitor app on your phone. Play the Middle C Note on the Piano. Start by playing a sustained C note on the piano. A good place to start is Middle C (C3/C4).8 Steps to Sing On Pitch. Select the note that you’re trying to sing. Play the note on a piano, guitar, digital tuner or play the recording that contains the note you want to sing. Listen to the note carefully and try to “picture” the note in your mind. Sing the note, trying to match your voice to the pitch you played.3. Smile. A genuine smile goes a long way. It can help you feel more relaxed and comfortable before a big performance, help the audience see you as personable or likable, and even improve the sound of your head voice. The cool part is that you don’t even need to move your mouth for this exercise to work.Aaron Anastasi is best known for his Superior Singing Method, but the truth is that he had been singing since he was young. He began by playing the guitar when he was only 13. Even at an early age Aaron began writing songs and showed promise. When he was in high school, Aaron began polishing his writing skills.Warm-up exercises. Correct breathing technique. Understand posture. Use your head voice. Watch your larynx. Substitute words and modify vowels. Be consistent and patient. Today’s post is to add to your singing property and help you build an appropriate practice routine, so you can vastly be better in a short time.Believe it or not, becoming a singer, singing happy birthday and leading a sing-along might all be much more than joyful entertainment. Many long-term care facilities host sing-alo...5 Nov 2019 ... Work with me: http://www.masteryourvoice.tv Sign Up for Music Theory for Singers: https://www.masteryourvoice.tv/theoryclass My other ...If you want to improve your voice try my 10-min jump-start singing lesson: https://singr.tv/justinYou’ll hear an immediate improvement. Over 1 million singer...5. Master Power. We all want to sing with more power, however we need to learn how to master it. Think of all those rich people who crash their sports cars. Their Ferrari has too much power and they don’t know how to control it. To get more power, you don’t always need to push or force your voice.1. Say the word “Gee” (as in “Geese”) out loud at a comfortable volume. 2. Next, find a comfortable note at the bottom of your voice (try C3 for guys and G3 for girls) and sing the word “Gee” at a strong volume. 3. Finally, sing an octave and a half scale where you replace each note of the melody with the word “Gee”.Without releasing the breath, inhale again, filling up about 50%, then hold without releasing. Again, inhale through the nose until you’ve reached about 75% of your lung capacity, and again hold for a few seconds. Finally, inhale through the nose until you’ve reach what feels like 100%. Hold for a few more seconds.All that’s missing from the perfect performance is your voice. Here’s how you can sing better instantly. 1. Open wide. The sound of your voice flows from your mouth. It only makes sense that keeping your mouth wide open lets the sound ring out more clearly. Think of your mouth as a stage. Does a performer sound better in the basement at a ...1 Warm up your body and vocal cords before you sing. Download Article Exercise your body and stretch your vocal cords to …What you'll learn. You'll learn how to properly perform the exercises that are programmed to eliminate most issues in your voice to sing with more ease and less strain. You'll learn how to strengthen and coordinate your voice so that you can sing with more control, confidence and better tone quality. You'll learn how to avoid vocal damage by ...Mar 6, 2021 · 10 of the Best Vocal Warm Ups for Your Voice: The 5-Tone Count. The Octave and a Half Lip Trill. The Octave and a Half “Squeaky Door”. The Octave and a Half “Gee”. The Octave Repeat “Bee”. The Octave Repeat Bratty “Nay”. The Octave and a Half Bratty “Nae”. The Octave Repeat “No”. Sep 17, 2021 · Good posture aids in keeping the air moving fluidly by keeping your throat open, which in turn helps you hold high notes longer. The best stance for developing your singing voice is standing tall and straight with your knees unlocked and keeping your feet placed 1 foot apart. Try to relax your shoulders and abdomen. 8 Steps to Sing On Pitch. Select the note that you’re trying to sing. Play the note on a piano, guitar, digital tuner or play the recording that contains the note you want to sing. Listen to the note carefully and try to “picture” the note in your mind. Sing the note, trying to match your voice to the pitch you played.Deep breathing. Stretch. Breathing exercise (hiss) Gentle vocal warm-up (lip trill, hum, etc) Easy vocal exercises (working on vowels, resonance, etc) More challenging exercises (working on belting, dynamics, agility, etc) Ear training and/or song work. Cool down: siren/lip trill (high to low), and stretch/massage. 19 Jul 2012 ... “The quality of the voice is dependent on many factors; however, barring a physical vocal disability, everyone can learn to sing well enough to ...

Breathing Better. Tips on how to get more from your singing by doing some simple breathing exercises.. You need to enable javascript to run this app

Aandw lana del rey

1. Say the word “Gee” (as in “Geese”) out loud at a comfortable volume. 2. Next, find a comfortable note at the bottom of your voice (try C3 for guys and G3 for girls) and sing the word “Gee” at a strong volume. 3. Finally, sing an octave and a half scale where you replace each note of the melody with the word “Gee”.When training a voice to sing tenor, it's crucial to have proper body alignment and breathing. Train your voice to sing tenor with instruction from an experi...Stand tall with your chest slightly lifted and take a deep breath. Feel your belly expand in all directions (focus on bringing the breath into your back and your front and sides). This diaphragmatic breathing will ensure the diaphragm muscle drops to get an efficient breath.Sure, private lesson voice coaches who don’t offer online eLearning singing courses might say this. It’s no longer true in the 21st century. Books from the best best voice coaches and singers in history. Free online courses, lessons, tips, articles, etc. from teachers you have vetted for quality. Make sure they sing.We’ve put together the ultimate guide for strengthening your singing voice to help you get started. Below we break down everything …Engage your diaphragm and support your breath with the muscles in your abdomen to provide the necessary power and control for your head voice. Focus on resonating and placing your sound in the appropriate areas to maximize the power of your head voice. Experiment with different resonant spaces, such as the nasal cavity or the back of the …Oct 1, 2023 · 1. Work on Breath Support and Control. Proper breathing technique is essential for good singing. When you inhale, make sure to breathe deep into your diaphragm (the muscle below your lungs). Mar 31, 2023 · 2) Strengthen Your Voice and Your Vocal Cords for Powerful Singing. To improve yourself in singing, you need to flex your vocal muscles for higher and more powerful singing. Your vocal folds or cords are the primary organ of your body that create your voice. Vocal muscles support these vocal folds. Repeat the sit up-like motion when you’re singing until it feels natural. 3. Open Your Vowels. A quick tip for boosting your voice is to open the vowels, also known in the industry as the open throat …Many students seek out voice lessons to improve their karaoke performance. Some students love it so much that they attend weekly karaoke sessions and events with their friends. They’ll often say that, even though they love singing, they feel shy and unsure of their voice, and that they believe they can sing better but aren’t sure how to ...Aug 4, 2023 · Reason #5: Singing makes you feel better. Singing has been shown to release endorphins, serotonin, and dopamine – the so-called ‘happy’ chemicals. Singing is indeed effective as a stress reliever, which makes it very beneficial to your mental health. Reason #6: It develops creativity. Singers also tend to express themselves through singing. Apr 21, 2020 · Find Your Range in 6 Seconds (Free App): http://rangefinder.ramseyvoice.com/Master Your Voice Complete Singing Course: ramseyvoice.com/special-offerIntroduct... 2) Correct Breathing While Singing. This is THE most important factor for proper singing. Breathe deeply and evenly from your diaphragm taking long deep breaths. This helps in voice building, voice control, and voice resonance. Deep breathing allows you to hold notes for a long time, especially the endnotes..

The best and easiest way to sing along with songs you love is to use Moises' AI Audio Separation feature. Either through the Web or Mobile app, you can very simply use the …

Popular Topics

  • Wwww.carmax.com

    True eye care | The “Soul Glo” song from “Coming to America” is sung by Christopher Max. Nile Rodgers, the producer of the movie soundtrack, was Max’s producer at the time and due to Max’s remarka...Jul 21, 2023 · 10 Tips for How to Sing Better. Warm-up your body. Sing with proper posture. Learn breath support & sing from your diaphragm. Use vocal exercises to warm up your voice. Memorize your lyrics. Use vowel exercises to improve diction. Train your ear to help sing on pitch. Practice ‘hitting the high notes ‘. ...

  • Pennsylvania food stamps

    Mod apk downloader | Get daily vocal exercises and videos designed to fast track your singing potential. With my best-selling online 8 week singing course, Superior Singing Method, you can accomplish all …One of the easiest ways to sing better is to learn diaphragmatic breathing. As a singer, you are probably already familiar with this breathing technique, if not then let me break it down for you. Everybody has the ability to breathe by using their diaphragm, although most people breathe from the chest. Repeat the sit up-like motion when you’re singing until it feels natural. 3. Open Your Vowels. A quick tip for boosting your voice is to open the vowels, also known in the industry as the open throat …...

  • Download youtube video clips

    Comex gold price | How To Sing Better. Sing Better has everything you need to develop a fantastic singing voice, no matter where you are in your journey. From beginner to advanced singing lessons, to exercise routines, to vocal warm ups, to specific techniques, you will find it here. Get started by clicking below! Feb 17, 2024 · Work on your breathing techniques by learning to inhale quickly and exhale in a smooth, controlled way. Improve your vocal technique by practicing vocal warm-ups, dynamic changes, note jumps, vowel pronunciations, and scales. Practice each day in short sessions so you don't strain your voice. Part 1. ...

  • Dixieland delight

    Steam powered giraffe | The 12 Days of Christmas is one of the most beloved holiday songs, but with its repetitive lyrics and complex counting, it can be a challenge to sing accurately. Before you start s...The quest on how to sing better opens up a world of self-expression and connection with others who share your passion for music. Table Of Contents: The Power of the Singing …An opera may not be over until the fat lady sings, but in your day-to-day business, a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation may not be complete until an appendix signals it is. Your sl......

  • Villano antillano

    Usa vs el salvador | Learn how to sing better with 16 simple strategies that will vastly improve your vocal skills in a short time. From finding your style to daily practice techniques, from advanced …Take a deep breath in through your nose and push it down into your diaphragm. Then, without letting out the air, let your diaphragm push the air out with your …...

  • Cars gr

    Modle t car | Learn how to sing better with these singing lessons designed to give you step-by-step instructions. Visit my website to learn more and get some extra singing...Are you an aspiring singer looking to improve your vocal skills? Look no further than the Starmaker app. This innovative platform offers a wide range of vocal training features des......